⏱️ Time: 2 Hours
📊 Maximum Marks: 50

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📌 Instructions (Read Carefully):

• Attempt all questions.
• Each program must be written in separate classes.
• Use proper indentation and comments.
• Follow OOP principles strictly.
• Wherever input is required, you may use Scanner class.
• Display output in a clear and readable format.

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🔹 Section A – Core Programming (30 Marks)

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Q1. Class, Object & Constructor (10 Marks)

A vehicle rental company wants to store and display details of vehicles available for rent.

👉 You are required to write a Java program with the following specifications:

1. Create a class named Vehicle.
2. Declare the following data members:
   • vehicleNumber (String)
   • vehicleName (String)
   • rentPerDay (double)
3. Create a parameterized constructor that:
   • Accepts values for all data members
   • Initializes them using this keyword
4. Create a method named displayVehicleDetails() that:
   • Prints all the details in a proper format
   • Example format: Vehicle Number: MH12AB1234
     Vehicle Name: Swift
     Rent per Day: 1500
5. In the main() method:
   • Create at least 3 vehicle objects with different values
   • Call the display method for each object

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Q2. Inheritance & Method Overriding (10 Marks)

A school management system calculates exam results differently for different types of students.

👉 Write a Java program as per the following instructions:

1. Create a base class Student:
   • Data member: name
   • Method: calculateResult()
     • This method should print: "Result calculation not defined"
2. Create two subclasses:
   • RegularStudent
   • DistanceStudent
3. Override the calculateResult() method:
   • RegularStudent:
     • Assume marks = 80
     • Print: "Regular Student Passed" if marks ≥ 40
   • DistanceStudent:
     • Assume marks = 35
     • Print: "Distance Student Passed" or "Failed" accordingly
4. In the main() method:
   • Create objects of both subclasses
   • Call the overridden method for each
5. Ensure that:
   • Method overriding is clearly demonstrated
   • Output messages are clearly distinguishable

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Q3. Encapsulation (10 Marks)

A banking system must ensure that account balance is handled securely.

👉 Write a Java program with the following requirements:

1. Create a class BankAccount.
2. Declare private data members:
   • accountNumber (int)
   • accountHolderName (String)
   • balance (double)
3. Provide public:
   • Setter methods to assign values
   • Getter methods to retrieve values
4. Add validation inside setter:
   • Balance should not be negative
   • If negative value is given, display: "Invalid balance"
5. Create a method deposit(double amount):
   • Adds amount to balance
   • Print updated balance
6. Create a method withdraw(double amount):
   • Deduct amount if sufficient balance
   • Otherwise display: "Insufficient balance"
7. In main():
   • Create an object
   • Set values using setters
   • Perform deposit and withdrawal operations
   • Display final account details

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🔹 Section B – Advanced OOP Concepts (20 Marks)

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Q4. Abstract Class (10 Marks)

A company uses different types of employees, and their bonus calculation varies.

👉 Write a Java program following these steps:

1. Create an abstract classEmployee:
   • Data member: name
   • Abstract method: calculateBonus()
2. Create two subclasses:
   • Manager
   • Developer
3. Implement calculateBonus():
   • Manager → Bonus = ₹10,000
   • Developer → Bonus = ₹5,000
4. Each method should:
   • Print employee type
   • Print bonus amount
5. In main():
   • Use reference of abstract class
   • Create objects of both subclasses
   • Call methods using dynamic binding

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Q5. Runtime Polymorphism (10 Marks)

An online shopping system applies different discount strategies.

👉 Write a Java program as follows:

1. Create a class Product:
   • Method applyDiscount(double price)
   • Default behavior: return original price
2. Create subclasses:
   • Electronics
   • Clothing
3. Override the method:
   • Electronics → 10% discount
   • Clothing → 20% discount
4. In main():
   • Use parent class reference
   • Assign objects of both subclasses
   • Call method and print final price
5. Clearly show:
   • Same method behaving differently for different objects

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⭐ Bonus Question (Optional – 5 Marks)

Q6. Exception Handling (Detailed)

👉 Write a Java program to:

1. Take two integers as input from the user:
   • numerator
   • denominator
2. Perform division: result = numerator / denominator
3. Handle the following cases:
   • If denominator = 0 → display "Cannot divide by zero"
   • If invalid input → handle using appropriate exception
4. Use:
   • try
   • catch
   • finally block (to print "Operation completed")