⏱️ Time: 2 Hours
📊 Maximum Marks: 50

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📌 Instructions:

• Attempt all questions.
• Follow proper OOP concepts strictly.
• Use meaningful class, method, and variable names.
• Include comments for clarity.
• Output should be well-formatted.

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🔹 Section A – Core Programming (30 Marks)

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Q1. Class, Object & Constructor (10 Marks)

A bookstore wants to store details of books.

👉 Write a Java program to:

1. Create a class Book with:
   • bookId (int)
   • title (String)
   • author (String)
   • price (double)
2. Create:
   • A parameterized constructor to initialize all fields
3. Create a method displayBookDetails() to print all details.
4. In main():
   • Create at least 3 book objects
   • Display their details

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Q2. Inheritance & Method Overriding (10 Marks)

A company calculates employee salaries differently.

👉 Write a Java program to:

1. Create a base class Employee:
   • Method calculateSalary()
2. Create subclasses:
   • FullTimeEmployee
   • PartTimeEmployee
3. Override the method:
   • FullTime → Fixed salary ₹30,000
   • PartTime → ₹500 per hour × 8 hours
4. In main():
   • Create objects of both types
   • Call the method and display salary

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Q3. Encapsulation (10 Marks)

A student record system must protect marks data.

👉 Write a Java program to:

1. Create a class Student:
   • Private variables: rollNo, name, marks
2. Provide:
   • Getter and Setter methods
   • Validation: marks should be between 0 and 100
3. In main():
   • Assign values using setters
   • Display details using getters

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🔹 Section B – Advanced OOP Concepts (20 Marks)

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Q4. Interface (10 Marks)

A smart home system controls different devices.

👉 Write a Java program to:

1. Create an interface SmartDevice:
   • Method turnOn()
   • Method turnOff()
2. Implement the interface in:
   • Fan
   • Light
3. Define behavior for both methods in each class.
4. In main():
   • Create objects of both classes
   • Call methods using interface reference

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Q5. Polymorphism (Method Overriding) (10 Marks)

A transport system calculates fare differently.

👉 Write a Java program to:

1. Create a class Transport:
   • Method calculateFare()
2. Create subclasses:
   • Bus
   • Train
3. Override the method:
   • Bus → ₹20 per km
   • Train → ₹10 per km
4. In main():
   • Use parent class reference
   • Assign child class objects
   • Demonstrate runtime polymorphism

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⭐ Bonus Question (Optional – 5 Marks)

Q6. File Handling

👉 Write a Java program to:

1. Create a file named data.txt
2. Write student name and marks into the file
3. Read the file and display content on screen
4. Handle exceptions properly