⏱️ Time: 2 Hours
📊 Maximum Marks: 50

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📌 Instructions (Read Carefully):

• Attempt all questions.
• Write each program in a separate class/file.
• Use proper OOP concepts and naming conventions.
• Use Scanner class for user input wherever required.
• Output should be well formatted and clearly labeled.
• Add comments to explain your code.

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🔹 Section A – Core Programming (30 Marks)

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Q1. Class, Object & Constructor (10 Marks)

📘 Scenario: Hotel Room Booking System

A hotel wants to store details of rooms and display them to customers.

👉 Write a Java program with the following requirements:

1. Create a class named Room.
2. Declare the following instance variables:
   • roomNumber (int)
   • roomType (String)
   • pricePerNight (double)
3. Create a parameterized constructor:
   • It should accept values for all variables
   • Initialize them using the this keyword
4. Create a method displayRoomDetails():
   • Display all details in a clear format: Room Number: 101
Room Type: Deluxe
Price per Night: 3000.0
5. In the main() method:
   • Ask the user to enter details for 2 rooms
   • Create objects using constructor
   • Display details of both rooms

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Q2. Inheritance & Method Overriding (10 Marks)

📘 Scenario: Ticket Booking System

A ticket booking system calculates ticket price based on category.

👉 Write a Java program as follows:

1. Create a base class Ticket:
   • Method calculatePrice(int seats)
   • Default message: Price calculation not defined
2. Create two subclasses:
   • RegularTicket
   • VIPTicket
3. Override the method:
   • RegularTicket → ₹200 per seat
   • VIPTicket → ₹500 per seat
4. In the main() method:
   • Ask user to enter number of seats
   • Create objects of both subclasses
   • Calculate and display total price
5. Output must clearly show:
   • Ticket type
   • Number of seats
   • Total price

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Q3. Encapsulation (10 Marks)

📘 Scenario: Student Result System

A school wants to manage student marks securely.

👉 Write a Java program with the following requirements:

1. Create a class Result.
2. Declare private variables:
   • rollNumber (int)
   • studentName (String)
   • marks (double)
3. Provide:
   • Getter and Setter methods
4. Add validation:
   • Marks should be between 0 and 100
   • If invalid, display "Invalid marks entered"
5. Create a method calculateGrade():
   • Marks ≥ 75 → Grade A
   • Marks ≥ 50 → Grade B
   • Marks < 50 → Grade C
6. In the main() method:
   • Create object
   • Set values using setters
   • Display student details and grade

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🔹 Section B – Advanced OOP Concepts (20 Marks)

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Q4. Abstract Class (10 Marks)

📘 Scenario: Shape Area Calculation System

Different shapes calculate area differently.

👉 Write a Java program as follows:

1. Create an abstract classShape:
   • Abstract method calculateArea()
2. Create subclasses:
   • Circle
   • Rectangle
3. Implement method:
   • Circle → Area = π × r × r
   • Rectangle → Area = length × breadth
4. In the main() method:
   • Take input for radius, length, breadth
   • Use abstract class reference
   • Call methods for both shapes
5. Output must clearly display:
   • Shape type
   • Calculated area

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Q5. Runtime Polymorphism (10 Marks)

📘 Scenario: Salary Calculation System

Different employees have different salary structures.

👉 Write a Java program with the following steps:

1. Create a class Salary:
   • Method calculateSalary()
   • Default: return 0
2. Create subclasses:
   • Intern
   • FullTime
3. Override method:
   • Intern → ₹10,000 fixed
   • FullTime → ₹30,000 fixed
4. In the main() method:
   • Use parent class reference
   • Assign subclass objects
   • Display salary
5. Ensure:
   • Runtime polymorphism is clearly demonstrated
   • Output shows employee type and salary

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⭐ Bonus Question (Optional – 5 Marks)

Q6. Exception Handling

📘 Scenario: Simple Calculator

👉 Write a Java program to:

1. Ask user to enter:
   • Two numbers
   • An operator (+, -, *, /)
2. Perform calculation based on operator
3. Handle:
   • Division by zero
   • Invalid operator
4. Use:
   • try-catch
   • finally block to print: